Scientific Evidence Underlying Our Treatment Plans

 

The above videos explain the mechanisms by which our clients achieve remission from the various gut diseases we offer treatment plans for. Our medical and scientific references are cited below. Book an appointment with us today.


  • Antibiotics And Probiotics: How Medications Affect Your Gut. (2020, June 29). Henry Ford LiveWell. https://www.henryford.com/blog/2020/06/antibiotics-and-probiotics-how-medications-affect-your-gut#:%7E:text=A%3A%20Most%20antibiotics%20work%20by,a%20result%20of%20taking%20antibiotics

  • A.K.A. New Media Inc. (n.d.). Crohn's and Colitis. Home - Crohn's and Colitis Canada. Retrieved November 14, 2021, from https://crohnsandcolitis.ca/.

  • AkinMears, L.L.P. (2019, June 19). Biologic medications are causing widespread adverse events. Drug And Device Watch. Retrieved November 14, 2021, from https://www.druganddevicewatch.com/2019/06/19/biologics-widespread-adverse-events/.

  • Ammon H. P. (2006). Boswellic acids in chronic inflammatory diseases. Planta medica, 72(12), 1100–1116. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-947227

  • Azathioprine (Oral Route). (2021, April 7).  https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/azathioprine-oral-route/side-effects/drg-20067180

  • Bannuru, R. R., Osani, M. C., Al-Eid, F., & Wang, C. (2018). Efficacy of curcumin and Boswellia for knee osteoarthritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 48(3), 416–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.03.001 

  • Barnes P. J. (2006). How corticosteroids control inflammation: Quintiles Prize Lecture 2005. British journal of pharmacology, 148(3), 245–254. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0706736

  • Belcaro, G., Gizzi, G., Pellegrini, L., Corsi, M., Dugall, M., Cacchio, M., Feragalli, B., Togni, S., Riva, A., Eggenhoffner, R., & Giacomelli, L. (2017). Supplementation with a lecithin-based delivery form of Boswellia serrata extract (Casperome®) controls symptoms of mild irritable bowel syndrome. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 21(9), 2249–2254.

  • Bibiloni, R., Fedorak, R. N., Tannock, G. W., Madsen, K. L., Gionchetti, P., Campieri, M., De Simone, C., & Sartor, R. B. (2005). VSL#3 probiotic-mixture induces remission in patients with active ulcerative colitis. The American journal of gastroenterology, 100(7), 1539–1546. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41794.x

  • Borrelli, F., Capasso, F., Capasso, R., Ascione, V., Aviello, G., Longo, R., & Izzo, A. A. (2006). Effect of Boswellia serrata on intestinal motility in rodents: inhibition of diarrhoea without constipation. British journal of pharmacology, 148(4), 553–560. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0706740

  • Burge, K., Gunasekaran, A., Eckert, J., & Chaaban, H. (2019). Curcumin and Intestinal Inflammatory Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms of Protection. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(8), 1912. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081912

  • Butler T. (2017). The Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction After Antibiotic Treatment of Spirochetal Infections: A Review of Recent Cases and Our Understanding of Pathogenesis. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 96(1), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0434

  • Coelho, M. R., Romi, M. D., Ferreira, D., Zaltman, C., & Soares-Mota, M. (2020). The Use of Curcumin as a Complementary Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Nutrients, 12(8), 2296. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082296 

  • C. Bello, J. Belaiche, E. Louis, C. Reenaers, Evolution and predictive factors of relapse in ulcerative colitis patients treated with mesalazine after a first course of corticosteroids, Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2011, Pages 196–202, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2010.12.011

  • Corticosteroids. (2021). NHS Inform. https://www.nhsinform.scot/tests-and-treatments/medicines-and-medical-aids/types-of-medicine/corticosteroids

  • Chandan, S., Mohan, B. P., Chandan, O. C., Ahmad, R., Challa, A., Tummala, H., Singh, S., Dhawan, P., Ponnada, S., Singh, A. B., & Adler, D. G. (2020). Curcumin use in ulcerative colitis: is it ready for prime time? A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Annals of gastroenterology, 33(1), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.20524/aog.2019.0439

  • De, R., Kundu, P., Swarnakar, S., Ramamurthy, T., Chowdhury, A., Nair, G. B., & Mukhopadhyay, A. K. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of curcumin against Helicobacter pylori isolates from India and during infections in mice. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 53(4), 1592–1597. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01242-08

  • Francino M. P. (2016). Antibiotics and the Human Gut Microbiome: Dysbioses and Accumulation of Resistances. Frontiers in microbiology, 6, 1543. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01543

  • Fletcher, J., Cooper, S. C., Ghosh, S., & Hewison, M. (2019). The Role of Vitamin D in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanism to Management. Nutrients, 11(5), 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051019

  • Garcia Vilela, E., De Lourdes De Abreu Ferrari, M., Oswaldo Da Gama Torres, H., Guerra Pinto, A., Carolina Carneiro Aguirre, A., Paiva Martins, F., Marcos Andrade Goulart, E., & Sales Da Cunha, A. (2008). Influence of Saccharomyces boulardii on the intestinal permeability of patients with Crohn's disease in remission. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 43(7), 842–848. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365520801943354

  • Ghayur, M. N., & Gilani, A. H. (2005). Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of ginger in gastrointestinal disorders. Digestive diseases and sciences, 50(10), 1889–1897. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-005-2957-2

  • Guglielmetti, S., Mora, D., Gschwender, M., & Popp, K. (2011). Randomised clinical trial: Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75 significantly alleviates irritable bowel syndrome and improves quality of life--a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 33(10), 1123–1132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04633.x

  • Gupta, I., Parihar, A., Malhotra, P., Singh, G. B., Lüdtke, R., Safayhi, H., & Ammon, H. P. (1997). Effects of Boswellia serrata gum resin in patients with ulcerative colitis. European journal of medical research, 2(1), 37–43.  

  • Haroyan, A., Mukuchyan, V., Mkrtchyan, N., Minasyan, N., Gasparyan, S., Sargsyan, A., Narimanyan, M., & Hovhannisyan, A. (2018). Efficacy and safety of curcumin and its combination with boswellic acid in osteoarthritis: a comparative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 18(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-2062-z

  • Hawthorne A B, Logan R F, Hawkey C J, Foster P N, Axon A T, Swarbrick E T et al. Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine withdrawal in ulcerative colitis. British Medical Journal 1992; 305 :20 doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6844.20      

  • Hurst, R. D., Molinari, M., Chung, T. P., Rubin, M., & Michelassi, F. (1996). Prospective study of the incidence, timing and treatment of pouchitis in 104 consecutive patients after restorative proctocolectomy. Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 131(5), 497–502. https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1996.01430170043007   
     

  • IBD Treatment | IBD Clinic. (2021). IBD Treatment | IBD Clinic. http://www.ibdclinic.ca/treatment/

  • Jalili, M., Vahedi, H., Poustchi, H., & Hekmatdoost, A. (2019). Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. International journal of preventive medicine, 10, 16. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_512_17

  • Kelesidis, T., & Pothoulakis, C. (2012). Efficacy and safety of the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention and therapy of gastrointestinal disorders. Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology, 5(2), 111–125. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756283X11428502 

  • Kondo, K., Hiramoto, K., Yamate, Y., Goto, K., Sekijima, H., & Ooi, K. (2019). Ameliorative Effect of High-Dose Vitamin C Administration on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Mouse Model. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 42(6), 954–959. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b18-00967

  • Konkel, L. (2019, February 22). When Are Biologic Drugs an Option for Crohn’s Disease? Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/crohns-disease/biologic-drugs#what-are-biologic-drugs

  • Kruis, W., Chrubasik, S., Boehm, S., Stange, C., & Schulze, J. (2012). A double-blind placebo-controlled trial to study therapeutic effects of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 in subgroups of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. International journal of colorectal disease, 27(4), 467–474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-011-1363-9 

  • Lopresti, A.L., Smith, S.J., Rea, A. et al. Efficacy of a curcumin extract (Curcugen™) on gastrointestinal symptoms and intestinal microbiota in adults with self-reported digestive complaints: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Complement Med Ther 21, 40 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-021-03220-6

  • McCarthy, J., O'Mahony, L., O'Callaghan, L., Sheil, B., Vaughan, E. E., Fitzsimons, N., Fitzgibbon, J., O'Sullivan, G. C., Kiely, B., Collins, J. K., & Shanahan, F. (2003). Double blind, placebo controlled trial of two probiotic strains in interleukin 10 knockout mice and mechanistic link with cytokine balance. Gut, 52(7), 975–980. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.52.7.975

  • Madsen, K. L., Doyle, J. S., Jewell, L. D., Tavernini, M. M., & Fedorak, R. N. (1999). Lactobacillus species prevents colitis in interleukin 10 gene-deficient mice. Gastroenterology, 116(5), 1107–1114. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(99)70013-2

  • McFarland L. V. (2010). Systematic review and meta-analysis of Saccharomyces boulardii in adult patients. World journal of gastroenterology, 16(18), 2202–2222. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i18.2202

  • Mesalamine (Oral Route). (2021, February 5). https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/mesalamine-oral-route/side-effects/drg-20064708

  • Ng, Q. X., Soh, A., Loke, W., Venkatanarayanan, N., Lim, D. Y., & Yeo, W. S. (2018). A Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Use of Curcumin for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Journal of clinical medicine, 7(10), 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7100298

  • Petersen, A. M., Schjørring, S., Gerstrøm, S. C., & Krogfelt, K. A. (2011). Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease associated E. coli with ciprofloxacin and E. coli Nissle in the streptomycin-treated mouse intestine. PloS one, 6(8), e22823. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022823 

  • Plassmann, D., & Schulte-Witte, H. (2007). Therapie des Reizdarmsyndroms mit Escherichia coli Stamm Nissle 1917 (EcN) : Eine retrospektive Untersuchung [Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN): a retrospective survey]. Medizinische Klinik (Munich, Germany : 1983), 102(11), 888–892. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-007-1116-2 

  • Plein, K., & Hotz, J. (1993). Therapeutic effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on mild residual symptoms in a stable phase of Crohn's disease with special respect to chronic diarrhea--a pilot study. Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie, 31(2), 129–134.

  • Pouchitis - Symptoms and causes. (2020, September 29). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pouchitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20361991

  • Ramaholimihaso, T., Bouazzaoui, F., & Kaladjian, A. (2020). Curcumin in Depression: Potential Mechanisms of Action and Current Evidence-A Narrative Review. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11, 572533. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.572533 

  • Schultz M. (2008). Clinical use of E. coli Nissle 1917 in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 14(7), 1012–1018. https://doi.org/10.1002/ibd.20377 

  • Shakibaei M, John T, Schulze-Tanzil G, Lehman I, Mobasheri A. Suppression of NF-kappa-B activation by curcumin leads to inhibition of expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human articular chondrocytes: implication for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2007;73(9):1434-1445.

  • Sun, YY., Li, M., Li, YY. et al. The effect of Clostridium butyricum on symptoms and fecal microbiota in diarrhea-dominant irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep 8, 2964 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21241-z

  • Takada Y, Ichikawa H, Badmaev V, Aggarwal BB. Acetyl-11-Ketob-boswellic acid potentiates apoptosis, inhibits invasion, and abolishes osteoclastogenesis by suppressing NF-kB and NF-kB regulated gene expression. J Immunol. 2006;176(5):3127-3140.

  • Triantafillidis, J. K., Triantafyllidi, A., Vagianos, C., & Papalois, A. (2016). Favorable results from the use of herbal and plant products in inflammatory bowel disease: evidence from experimental animal studies. Annals of gastroenterology, 29(3), 268–281. https://doi.org/10.20524/aog.2016.0059

  • Tsuda, Y., Yoshimatsu, Y., Aoki, H., Nakamura, K., Irie, M., Fukuda, K., Hosoe, N., Takada, N., Shirai, K., & Suzuki, Y. (2007). Clinical effectiveness of probiotics therapy (BIO-THREE) in patients with ulcerative colitis refractory to conventional therapy. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 42(11), 1306–1311. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365520701396091

  • Ustekinumab (Stelara) [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2017 Apr. Table 4, Cost-Comparison Table of Biologics for the Treatment of Crohn’s Disease. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK476194/table/app8.t1/

  • Vetvicka, V., Vetvickova, J., & Fernandez-Botran, R. (2016). Effects of curcumin on Helicobacter pylori infection. Annals of translational medicine, 4(24), 479. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2016.12.52

  • Wassenaar T. M. (2016). Insights from 100 Years of Research with Probiotic E. Coli. European journal of microbiology & immunology, 6(3), 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2016.00029  

  • WorkhouseMarketing. (2020, September 10). Some of the Most Common Stoma Problems. Oakmed Healthcare. https://www.oakmed.co.uk/help-advice/advice-articles/some-of-the-most-common-stoma-problems/

  • Yoshimatsu, Y., Yamada, A., Furukawa, R., Sono, K., Osamura, A., Nakamura, K., Aoki, H., Tsuda, Y., Hosoe, N., Takada, N., & Suzuki, Y. (2015). Effectiveness of probiotic therapy for the prevention of relapse in patients with inactive ulcerative colitis. World journal of gastroenterology, 21(19), 5985–5994. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i19.5985

  • Zhang, M., Collins, J. F., & Merlin, D. (2016). Do ginger-derived nanoparticles represent an attractive treatment strategy for inflammatory bowel diseases?. Nanomedicine (London, England), 11(23), 3035–3037. https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2016-0353

  • Zhao, Q., Yang, W. R., Wang, X. H., Li, G. Q., Xu, L. Q., Cui, X., Liu, Y., & Zuo, X. L. (2019). Clostridium butyricum alleviates intestinal low-grade inflammation in TNBS-induced irritable bowel syndrome in mice by regulating functional status of lamina propria dendritic cells. World journal of gastroenterology, 25(36), 5469–5482. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i36.5469